Is buying off-plan in Lebanon safe today?
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Short answer
It depends on what you can check before you pay. An unbuilt flat cannot get its own title until the building has an occupancy permit[1]. Until then your contract gives you a personal right against the seller, not ownership[2,3]. Check the seller's title at the Land Registry, register what you can, and pay against progress.
Also asked as: “Is it safe to buy off-plan in Lebanon today?” · “Risks of buying an apartment under construction in Lebanon” · “Should I buy a flat before it is built in Lebanon?” · “Is buying from a developer in Lebanon safe?”
The UK Foreign Office advises, as of October 2026[4], against all travel to the South and Nabatiyeh governorates and to parts of Beirut's southern suburbs, and says fighting and airstrikes continued after the cessation of hostilities announced in June 2026. This page covers what was published up to 17 October 2026.
Key facts
- Before a flat gets its own deed
- The owner must show an occupancy permit plus electricity and water connection certificates[1]
- Charges on the plot
- Mortgages and seizures on the folio pass to the buyer unless cleared[2]
- Selling units without a final occupancy permit
- Decree 15874/2005 Art. 5 bars it, per the DGU text; ask a lawyer[6]
Why an unbuilt flat is riskier than a finished one
In Lebanon you own property only once the sale is inscribed at the Land Registry[2]. A flat in an unfinished building cannot be inscribed on its own, because the registry may divide a building into separate units only once the owner shows an occupancy permit plus electricity and water connection certificates[1]. The occupancy permit comes after the building is complete, facades included. It is also granted only after any fees and fines for extra area built without a permit have been paid.
Until then the plot stays in the seller's name. Kallas Law Firm says it is exposed to any sale, mortgage or seizure entered before your own inscription[2]. If an advert says an unbuilt flat "comes with a title deed", ask exactly what will be registered. Before a building is divided, what can be registered is a number of shares in the whole plot, not a defined flat[13].
Art. 5 of Decree 15874/2005, as published by the Directorate General of Urban Planning, bars selling parts of a building that has no final occupancy permit, except units under Law 539/1996[6]. Ask a lawyer to confirm the current text. We found no source that says whether this ban covers a promise of sale on a flat that is not yet built, so ask the same lawyer how your contract is framed.
What your contract, promise or POA really gives you
| What you hold | What it gives you |
|---|---|
| A signed sale contract | A personal right against the seller, not ownership[2,3] |
| A promise of sale, provisionally inscribed on the folio | Your rank against a later sale or mortgage[2,5]. Kallas Law Firm says it still does not transfer ownership, and the ten-year limitation keeps running[14] |
| A promise of sale, not inscribed | A promise that cannot be relied on against third parties acting in good faith[2,5] |
| An irrevocable power of attorney to sell | A personal right against the seller. It is not a sale[15] |
| The flat registered in your name | Ownership[2] |
Kallas writes about registered property in general, and its page does not discuss off-plan units. Ask a lawyer how an inscription works on a plot where your flat does not yet have its own folio[14].
Law 646/2004 provides for a ten-year insurance against collapse for buildings under mandatory technical audit, but we could not find the decree that puts it into force[1]. Ask the developer whether your project is under technical audit and whether such a policy exists.
What is known about off-plan in October 2026
We found no Lebanese source we could open that measures off-plan risk today. Nobody has published figures on how many projects have stalled or been finished since 2019, or on war damage to buildings under construction.
You will most likely pay from your own money. News reports in autumn 2026 say commercial banks are still not writing home mortgages[7,8]. Banque de l'Habitat pays the seller only after ownership is registered in the borrower's name, so an off-plan flat does not appear to qualify, though BDH does not say so outright[16,17]. The president of the brokers' syndicate R.E.A.L. says buying in 2025 was concentrated among Lebanese expatriates, some local investors and cash holders[8,18].
Forgery cases are on record. In June 2026 the Internal Security Forces reported a case in Halat (Jbeil) where a deed was forged using a fake identity in the real owner's name, and the buyer found out only when he tried to register[19]. Forged powers of attorney have also been used to try to sell or mortgage property[20,21,22]. Check the title with an official certificate before you pay, not at registration.
The south has its own uncertainty. LBCI reported a draft law on property sales in occupied southern towns on 26 September 2026. As reported, it would exclude buildings being built and properties sold by developers, but the final text may differ[23]. More in the draft ban on land sales in the south.
How to check an off-plan project before you pay
- Get the plot's details and an official Land Registry extract. Ask the developer in writing for the plot's governorate, district, real estate zone and property number. These are needed to request a certificate, plus the section and block where they apply[9,12]. The official certificate (ifadeh aqariyeh) is issued in person at the land registry office, and copies obtained online or through OMT are for reference only[9,10,11,12]. One law firm gave the cost as USD 5[12] in June 2025, and another gave about 2 business days for a physical certificate in October 2025[11]. If you are abroad, have a lawyer you hire request it for you.
- Read the extract line by line. The owner named should be the seller or the developer's company. Look for mortgages, seizures, provisional inscriptions and pending court actions[11,12]. Any charge left on the folio passes to the buyer unless it is cleared[2]. If no area is shown, the plot may not have been finally surveyed. A clean extract does not prove there are no building violations, because they are recorded only at an authority's request[1]. See what happens if the developer's land is mortgaged.
- See the plot on the ground. The extract identifies the plot on paper. Ask an engineer or surveyor you hire to find that plot number on the cadastral map and then on site, so you know the building you are shown stands on the plot in the extract. Our sources do not name the office that issues cadastral maps or what a copy costs. Ask the land registry office for the plot's real estate district, or your surveyor, where the map is issued and what it costs.
- Check the company behind the project. A company certificate shows the shareholders, the management and the registered offices, and one law firm gives about 2 business days to obtain it[11]. That firm does not name the office or the fee, so ask your lawyer to get it. More in how to check a developer.
- Ask for the building permit. It is issued by the head of the municipality, or the governor or caimacam outside municipal areas[1], and it is valid for six years, renewable once for two years. Ask the municipality to confirm the permit is genuine and still valid. See checking that the seller owns the land and holds a permit.
- Have a lawyer read the contract before any deposit. Assukna, a property venture, advises diaspora buyers to have a lawyer do full title due diligence first, and not to buy if problems appear[24]. Ask the lawyer whether your promise can be provisionally inscribed on the plot's folio[2,5], and how the payments are tied to construction stages. More in whether a promise of sale is enough.
- Pay in traceable stages and keep every record. Pay by bank transfer where you can, and do not pay ahead of the work. Keep the contract, every receipt and dated site photos.
- Register as soon as the building is divided. Between competing rights, priority goes by the date of entry in the registry's daily journal, not the date you signed[13]. Once the building is divided, each flat gets a number added to the plot number, starting from 4[25]. Here is how registration works after completion.
It depends on
- Whether the plot is mortgaged. A mortgage on the plot passes to the buyer unless it is cleared[2]. Kallas Law Firm puts the release fee at 1% of the debt released[26]. If the mortgage secures an interest-bearing debt, releasing it also needs prior approval from the tax departments, with some exclusions; your lawyer can check whether this applies[26,27]. Have the contract say who arranges and pays for the release.
- The flat's size. For flats over 300 m²[6], the developer can hand over the flat without interior finishes if this is written into the sale contract. The remaining works then need a declaration or a renovation permit later.
- Your nationality. The registration fee is 3% of the value for Lebanese buyers, 5% for non-Lebanese[28]. Ask the notary (kateb adel) to confirm what applies to you before you sign.
Common questions
Can I get a title deed for an off-plan flat before it is built?
What happens if the developer sells my flat to someone else?
Is a stalled off-plan project a fraud?
Not by itself. Kallas Law Firm counts making a victim believe in a fictitious project as fraud under Art. 655 of the Penal Code[29]. Kallas does not discuss developers, and a real project that stalls is not, by that fact alone, a fictitious one. The same firm says fraud carries 6 months to 3 years in prison and is prosecuted without a victim's complaint, so ask a lawyer which route fits your case.
Is an off-plan building in Lebanon insured against collapse?
Law 646/2004 provides for a ten-year collapse insurance for buildings under mandatory technical audit, but the decree that puts it into force could not be found[1]. Ask the developer whether the project is under technical audit and whether a policy exists.
Sources
Checked against these sources. The numbers in the text point here.
- 1.Law 646 of 16/12/2004 (Building Law), amending Legislative Decree 148 of 16/09/1983
Lebanese Republic, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, Directorate General of Urban Planning (DGU) · 16 Dec 2004 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 2.How to Buy Property in Lebanon: The Legal Steps from Verification to Inscription
Kallas Law Firm · 9 Jun 2026 · read 16 Oct 2026
- 3.Legislative and Administrative Land and Property Rights Framework. Lebanon
GLTN / UN-Habitat · May 2024 · read 16 Oct 2026
- 4.Lebanon travel advice (UK FCDO foreign travel advice)
UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (GOV.UK) · 10 Aug 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 5.The Promise of Sale, the Right of Pre-emption, and Acquisitive Prescription in Lebanese Real-Property Law (Part Five of the Practical Guide to the Code of Real Property)
Kallas Law Firm · 25 May 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 6.Decree 15874 of 5/12/2005 implementing the Building Law, as amended by Decree 617 of 8/8/2007
General Directorate of Urban Planning (DGU), Ministry of Public Works and Transport · 5 Dec 2005 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 7.Lebanon's PCH eyes USD 100 mn to restart subsidized mortgages at rates below Gulf-funded lender
EnterpriseAM (MENA+ Edition) · 7 Sept 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 8.Real estate in Lebanon: sales dive, prices resist… the paradox of a market that has become inaccessible
Libnanews · 1 Oct 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 9.OMT: Viewing Title Registers (Land Registry service page)
OMT (Online Money Transfer S.A.L.) · undated · read 17 Oct 2026
- 10.Viewing Title Registers Electively Through OMT
OMT (Online Money Transfer S.A.L.) · 13 Oct 2020 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 11.Lebanon Asset Search: How to Find Real Estate and Company Ownership Records
Kallas Law Firm · 25 Oct 2025 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 12.How to Find Real Estate and Land Register Information in Lebanon
Legalmondo · 17 Jun 2025 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 13.The Land Registry in Lebanese Law — Part Six of the Practical Guide to the Code of Real Property
Kallas Law Firm · 25 May 2026 · read 16 Oct 2026
- 14.Real estate sale in Lebanon: ordinary sale contract, irrevocable power of attorney and registration in the land registry
Kallas Law Firm (klfi.net) · 12 Apr 2025 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 15.The Irrevocable Power of Attorney for the Sale of Property in Lebanon: Its Limits and Prescription
Kallas Law Firm · 9 Jun 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 16.Banque de l'Habitat - Purchase loan details
Banque de l'Habitat S.A.L. (BDH) · undated · read 17 Oct 2026
- 17.BDH USD Purchase Loan Key Fact Statement (BDH - CPU - KFS - Feb 26)
Banque de l'Habitat (BDH) · February 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 18.When Lebanon's real estate mirror speaks
The Beiruter · 1 Jan 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 19.ISF: arrest of suspect forging a property deed in Halat
Internal Security Forces (ISF), Lebanon · 24 Jun 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 20.حاولوا الاستيلاء على عقار بقيمة نصف مليون دولار... ما علاقة كاتب العدل؟
Annahar · 19 Oct 2025 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 21.Photograph of a suspect arrested for fraud and forgery circulated: Have you been a victim of his crimes?
Internal Security Forces · 14 Jul 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 22.Sanitized Cases – 2023 Forgery Report (STR)
Special Investigation Commission · undated · read 17 Oct 2026
- 23.A new law could reshape property sales in southern Lebanon's occupied towns
LBCI (LBC Group) · 26 Sept 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 24.Is It Safe to Buy Lebanese Real Estate in 2026?
Assukna · 27 Apr 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 25.Condominium Ownership of Built Immovables in Lebanese Law — Eighth and Final Part of the Practical Guide to the Lebanese Code of Real Property
Kallas Law Firm · 25 May 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 26.Real estate fees calculator
Kallas Law Firm · 24 May 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 27.Law 10/2022 (General Budget Law for 2022), consolidated text with amendments
Lebanese University Legal Informatics Center (legallaw.ul.edu.lb) · 15 Nov 2022 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 28.قانون الموازنة العامة لعام 2022 (القانون 10/2022) المنشور في الجريدة الرسمية
Lebanese Ministry of Finance · 15 Nov 2022 · read 17 Oct 2026
- 29.Theft, fraud and breach of trust: how Lebanese law distinguishes the three crimes
Kallas Law Firm · 23 Aug 2026 · read 17 Oct 2026
Related questions
- How can I check that a property developer in Lebanon is reliable before I pay a deposit?We found no register of developers, so check the project: the plot's Land Registry extract, the company's records and the permit. Steps and costs.
- Is a promise of sale enough to protect me when I buy an apartment that is not built yet?Not on its own. A promise binds others only if inscribed at the Land Registry, and an unbuilt flat has no folio yet. Risks, limits and checks.
- How do I check that an off-plan seller owns the land and has a building permit?Have someone you trust pull the official Land Registry certificate, then confirm the permit with the municipality. Steps, costs, POA risks and gaps.
- My developer stopped building after taking my money. What can I do?Civil remedies for stalled projects are not published, so see a lawyer. What to check at the Land Registry and municipality, and when it is fraud.
- Is buying an apartment in instalments from a developer in Lebanon safe?Risky: until the sale is registered you hold only a claim against the developer. What an inscribed promise of sale protects, and what to check.
- Can the developer's bank or creditors take the land my off-plan apartment is built on?Yes, if a mortgage or seizure reaches the Land Registry before your purchase does. How to check the plot, protect your rank and what is unclear.
- How do I get my off-plan apartment registered in my name once the building is finished?The building's owner gets a final occupancy permit, divides the building into units at the Land Registry, then your sale is registered. Steps, fees, checks.
- Can someone sell my property, or one I buy, with a forged deed or a fake owner ID?Yes: 2026 police cases show forged deeds, fake IDs and forged POAs used to sell or mortgage property. How it worked and the checks to run.


